We examined the impact of omega-3 fatty acids, often found in fish oil, on heart attack risks, particularly in patients with high triglyceride levels. The studies indicate that while omega-3s can effectively lower triglycerides and reduce certain cardiovascular disease outcomes, including fatal heart attacks, their overall benefit remains debated. Despite extensive research demonstrating some positive outcomes, many experts still question the magnitude of their effects on heart attack prevention. Improved guidance on omega-3 supplementation is still evolving as new evidence emerges.
Read More
8
Omega-3 reduces heart attack risk
Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on heart attack risk, focusing on African Americans. In a study analyzing data from the VITAL trial, we matched African American participants with non-Hispanic White individuals to simulate a randomized controlled trial.
Surprisingly, our findings indicated that omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased heart attack risk in African Americans but showed no benefit for non-Hispanic Whites. This highlights the importance of addressing racial differences in how individuals respond to omega-3 fish oil, urging further research in this area.
Read More
8
Omega-3 fatty acids and heart disease
Associations of circulating fatty acids with incident coronary heart disease: a prospective study of 89,242 individuals in UK Biobank.
We delved into how different types of fatty acids influence the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) using data from a large study of over 89,000 adults.
Our findings revealed that omega-3 fatty acids seemed to lower the risk of CHD, standing out among other fatty acids. Interestingly, saturated and monounsaturated fats did show a positive link to CHD, but this was largely connected to their effect on triglyceride levels.
Overall, omega-3 fatty acids might offer a protective benefit against heart disease.
Read More
Most Useful Reviews
9
Balances hormones
3 people found this helpful
I completely trust this brand after years of usage. Omega 3 has helped me restore my health, balancing hormones, alleviating hair issues, and providing heart support, as confirmed by my doctor. The benefits are incredible and the packaging is adequate, making it a great value.
Read More
7.5
Improves immunity
2 people found this helpful
The quality of this Omega supplement is astounding. My immunity has gradually improved, my hair is now shiny, and there’s no fishy odour. Noticeably, I feel less tired while climbing stairs, indicating a significant difference in my heart health.
Read More
7.5
Helps maintain BP
2 people found this helpful
I take this every morning for heart health. Having used it for several years, at 72, my systolic BP is under 130, and I have no heart-related health issues. While I can't confirm that it's solely due to fish oil capsules, I plan to continue using them as a preventive measure.
We examined the impact of omega-3 fatty acids, often found in fish oil, on heart attack risks, particularly in patients with high triglyceride levels. The studies indicate that while omega-3s can effectively lower triglycerides and reduce certain cardiovascular disease outcomes, including fatal heart attacks, their overall benefit remains debated. Despite extensive research demonstrating some positive outcomes, many experts still question the magnitude of their effects on heart attack prevention. Improved guidance on omega-3 supplementation is still evolving as new evidence emerges.
Read More
9
Omega-3 benefits for smokers' heart health
Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking.
We explored whether icosapent ethyl (IPE), a refined omega-3 fatty acid, could lower heart attack risk among cigarette smokers. In the REDUCE-IT trial, over 8,000 statin-treated patients were randomly assigned to receive either IPE or a placebo for nearly five years.
Our findings showed that IPE significantly reduced cardiovascular events by 25%, especially for current and former smokers. Participants using IPE experienced heart attack rates similar to non-smokers, suggesting that IPE may help lessen cardiovascular risks associated with smoking.
Read More
9
Omega-3s reduce heart attack risk
A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events.
We examined the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid, on the risk of heart attacks through a comprehensive analysis of the VITAL trial. This significant study included nearly 26,000 older adults in the U.S. who were monitored over an average of 5.3 years.
The original trial didn't find significant results for major cardiovascular events overall, but our Bayesian analysis suggested a different insight. By incorporating previous research and evidence, we discovered that daily supplementation with EPA appears to notably lower the risk of coronary heart disease events, particularly heart attacks.
However, the same beneficial effects did not extend to strokes or overall cardiovascular death, which means while we do see an encouraging trend for heart attacks, the evidence doesn't support a broad impact on other cardiovascular-related issues. Our findings help reinforce the value of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive measure specifically for heart attacks.
Read More
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids recovery
Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
We explored the role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in heart attack recovery, particularly its effect on restoring blood flow during ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our focus was on understanding whether higher levels of EPA relative to arachidonic acid could lead to faster recovery and better outcomes for patients experiencing this type of heart attack.
The study revealed that patients with elevated EPA levels indeed showed quicker restoration of coronary blood flow. This is promising, as efficient blood flow restoration is critical in minimizing heart damage during a heart attack. However, it’s essential to note that the effectiveness of EPA may vary based on other treatments the patients are receiving.
These findings suggest a positive link between EPA and heart attack recovery, but further investigation is necessary to determine the best approaches for integrating EPA into treatment protocols. Ultimately, while we observed encouraging results, the interplay between dietary interventions and other medical treatments warrants additional research.
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9
Eicosapentaenoic acid aids cardiac protection
A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury.
We explored how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolites can protect heart cells during a heart attack, specifically focusing on a laboratory model for ischemic injury. Our investigation centered on a specific receptor found in heart cells, known as the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 (Ffar4).
In our experiments, cardiac myocytes, or heart cells, were exposed to a controlled environment mimicking conditions of reduced blood flow followed by reoxygenation, essentially simulating a heart attack scenario. Applying an Ffar4 agonist, TUG-891, along with EPA-derived components like 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) and resolvin E1 (RvE1), we observed a significant reduction in harmful reactive oxygen species and heart cell death.
Notably, blocking the ChemR23 receptor with a specific antagonist negated the protective effects we noted from these treatments. This finding highlights that Ffar4 and ChemR23 work together in heart cells to defend against the damage that occurs after ischemic injury.
Overall, our data reinforce the idea that eicosapentaenoic acid has beneficial roles in protecting heart cells from ischemia, meriting further exploration as a potential therapeutic in heart attack management.
I completely trust this brand after years of usage. Omega 3 has helped me restore my health, balancing hormones, alleviating hair issues, and providing heart support, as confirmed by my doctor. The benefits are incredible and the packaging is adequate, making it a great value.
Read More
7.5
Improves immunity
2 people found this helpful
The quality of this Omega supplement is astounding. My immunity has gradually improved, my hair is now shiny, and there’s no fishy odour. Noticeably, I feel less tired while climbing stairs, indicating a significant difference in my heart health.
Read More
7.5
Helps maintain BP
2 people found this helpful
I take this every morning for heart health. Having used it for several years, at 72, my systolic BP is under 130, and I have no heart-related health issues. While I can't confirm that it's solely due to fish oil capsules, I plan to continue using them as a preventive measure.
Read More
9
Excellent dosage
The dose is 1000 mg and the quality is excellent. This is the best option for health and cholesterol management; the heart will certainly appreciate it.
Read More
7.5
Supports heart health
I take Omega 3 due to its significance for heart health, particularly since I lead a sedentary lifestyle, and it aids in alleviating arthritis caused by knee roughness.
A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot. This interruption can damage or destroy part of the heart muscle, leading to serious health complications or death if not treated promptly. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle.
Preventing a heart attack largely revolves around maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, along with managing stress, can significantly lower the risk. Furthermore, understanding your personal risk factors and engaging with healthcare professionals for regular check-ups can be crucial in both prevention and early detection. If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, it's important to call emergency services immediately, as timely treatment is vital for survival and recovery.
Omega-3 fish oil is a nutritional supplement derived from the fatty tissues of fish, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential fats that the body cannot produce on its own. The most significant types of omega-3s found in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are known for their numerous health benefits. These include reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, and promoting brain function.
Incorporating omega-3 fish oil into your diet can be beneficial if you don’t consume enough fish regularly. Many health experts recommend oily fish as a part of a balanced diet due to their high omega-3 content. For those who find it difficult to include fish in their meals, fish oil supplements can offer a convenient alternative, providing the same essential fatty acids in concentrated form. However, it’s essential to choose high-quality supplements that are third-party tested for purity and potency to avoid contaminants such as heavy metals or other toxins that can impact health.
Omega-3 fish oil has been widely studied for its potential benefits in heart health, particularly in reducing the risk of heart disease and heart attacks. Research suggests that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil can help decrease triglyceride levels, lower blood pressure, and reduce arterial plaque buildup—all factors that can contribute to heart problems. Several clinical trials and meta-analyses indicate that regular supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may lead to a lower risk of heart attack, especially for individuals with existing heart conditions or high-risk factors for heart disease.
However, it's essential to note that while omega-3 fish oil can be beneficial, it should not be viewed as a standalone treatment for heart issues. Those at risk for heart attacks should consider omega-3 supplementation as part of a comprehensive heart health strategy that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and appropriate medical care. If you're considering adding omega-3 fish oil to your regimen, consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it's suitable for your individual health needs.
Based on user reviews, it appears that many individuals notice positive effects from Omega 3 supplements within a few weeks to several months of consistent use. For instance, one reviewer mentions experiencing less fatigue while climbing stairs, indicating an improvement in heart health after starting the supplement, although the exact timeline isn't specified Read Review. Another user, who has been taking it for several years, reports having well-managed blood pressure and no heart-related health issues, suggesting that long-term usage contributes to sustained benefits Read Review.
While experiences vary, it's common for users to feel a gradual improvement in their overall health and energy levels, which can include significant changes in heart health over time. Users emphasize the importance of regular intake for long-term benefits, as some suggest using it as a preventive measure Read Review. Overall, expect to see noticeable results in heart health and related benefits within a few weeks to a few months.
Based on current scientific research, certain omega-3 supplements, especially those containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and icosapent ethyl, appear to hold promise in the context of heart attack prevention. For instance, studies indicate that icosapent ethyl significantly reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including heart attacks, particularly among high-risk patients, such as those with elevated triglyceride levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) [4]. This treatment was shown to decrease cardiovascular events by approximately 25%, underscoring its potential effectiveness [23].
Further research corroborates these findings, suggesting that EPA supplementation can also lower heart attack risks. A comprehensive analysis observed a notable reduction in the incidence of heart attacks for individuals who maintained adequate levels of EPA, especially compared to those with lower levels [10]. Furthermore, the amalgamation of omega-3 fatty acids with statin therapy has proven beneficial in reducing heart attack events [6]. While the results are promising, it is essential to acknowledge that the effectiveness can vary among individuals, with breadths of studies suggesting that specific demographics, such as African Americans, may benefit more significantly from omega-3 supplementation [2]. Overall, while the evidence strongly supports the potential of these supplements in heart attack risk management, further research is necessary to fully understand their scope and target populations.
Based on user reviews, many individuals report a range of improvements in their health after incorporating Omega 3 supplements into their routine. For instance, one reviewer mentioned that after consistent use, they were able to restore their health by balancing hormones, alleviating hair issues, and supporting heart health, which was validated by their doctor Read Review. Another user noted a significant enhancement in their stamina, stating they feel less fatigued when climbing stairs, pointing to a notable difference in their heart health Read Review.
Several users have also highlighted the preventive benefits of Omega 3 in maintaining heart health, particularly for those leading sedentary lifestyles or worrying about cholesterol levels Read Review. In the long term, some have reported sustained improvements, including stabilized blood pressure and overall better cardiovascular health, reinforcing the notion that regular intake may yield cumulative benefits. However, as with all supplements, individual results can vary, and it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new regimen Read Review.
Based on user reviews, there appears to be a positive reception to combining Omega 3 supplements with other health supplements for managing heart health. Several users indicated the supplement's role in heart health, particularly in conjunction with maintaining balanced cholesterol levels. One user noted that Omega 3 is the best option for health and cholesterol management, suggesting that it complements other efforts aimed at supporting cardiovascular wellness Read Review. Another reviewer highlighted their long-term use of Omega 3 alongside other health strategies, stating that after several years, they have achieved effective blood pressure regulation and general heart health, though they weren't sure if the positive outcomes were solely due to the supplements Read Review.
Moreover, users often spoke about the broader benefits of Omega 3, including improvements in overall vitality and reduced symptoms of fatigue, which may encourage them to consider other supplements to enhance specific health areas. For instance, one reviewer pointed out that the Omega 3 helps control arthritis symptoms, which may lead them to consider additional supplements targeting joint health Read Review. Overall, while the combined supplementation approach resonates with users, it is important for individuals to consult healthcare professionals before making any changes to their regimen to ensure safety and efficacy.
Users report varying experiences with Omega 3 Fish Oil, particularly highlighting its potential benefits for heart health after heart attack or as a preventive measure. Several reviewers suggest that they take Omega 3 daily to manage heart-related health issues and improve overall cardiovascular function. One user, at the age of 72, noted that their systolic blood pressure is under 130 and they have had no significant heart-related problems, crediting their use of Omega 3 as part of their daily regimen Read Review.
The general consensus among users seems to favor a dosage of around 1000 mg, with one reviewer explicitly mentioning this dosage as being beneficial for health and cholesterol management Read Review. Users also emphasize the quality of the product, suggesting that a good-quality Omega 3 supplement can effectively support heart health and even contribute to reducing cholesterol and inflammation Read Review. Overall, while users have not provided extensive data on the exact dosage requirements for Heart Attack treatment, the 1000 mg dosage seems to be commonly recommended for its expected benefits.
7.5
Improves immunity
2 people found this helpful
The quality of this Omega supplement is astounding. My immunity has gradually improved, my hair is now shiny, and there’s no fishy odour. Noticeably, I feel less tired while climbing stairs, indicating a significant difference in my heart health.
7.5
Helps maintain BP
2 people found this helpful
I take this every morning for heart health. Having used it for several years, at 72, my systolic BP is under 130, and I have no heart-related health issues. While I can't confirm that it's solely due to fish oil capsules, I plan to continue using them as a preventive measure.
9
Balances hormones
3 people found this helpful
I completely trust this brand after years of usage. Omega 3 has helped me restore my health, balancing hormones, alleviating hair issues, and providing heart support, as confirmed by my doctor. The benefits are incredible and the packaging is adequate, making it a great value.
9
Excellent dosage
The dose is 1000 mg and the quality is excellent. This is the best option for health and cholesterol management; the heart will certainly appreciate it.
7.5
Supports heart health
I take Omega 3 due to its significance for heart health, particularly since I lead a sedentary lifestyle, and it aids in alleviating arthritis caused by knee roughness.
6
Supportive heart product
Top quality product for reducing cholesterol and inflammation, supporting heart health.
8
Omega-3 improves heart attack outcomes
Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT.
We observed that icosapent ethyl, a type of omega-3 fish oil, plays a significant role in reducing heart attack risk among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In a study involving almost 5,800 participants, those taking icosapent ethyl experienced lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to those on placebo.
The treatment showed effectiveness across all levels of cardiovascular risk, particularly benefiting those at higher risk. Overall, this suggests that incorporating icosapent ethyl could be an important option for managing heart attack risks.
9
Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces heart attack risk
A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.
We explored the impact of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) treatment on heart attack risk, particularly in patients with high cardiovascular (CV) risk who are already on statin therapy. The evidence we reviewed highlights that icosapent ethyl (IPE), a pure form of EPA, is particularly effective in reducing the risk of serious CV events.
In clinical trials, like the REDUCE-IT study, we observed a remarkable 25% decrease in CV events for patients taking IPE compared to those who were not. This included significant outcomes like reducing the chances of heart attacks, strokes, and hospitalization for unstable angina. Importantly, this benefit was consistent across various groups of patients—regardless of their initial triglyceride levels or whether they had conditions like type 2 diabetes.
While some patients experienced adverse effects like atrial fibrillation, these were mostly in individuals with a history of the condition. The overall clinical benefit of IPE far surpassed the potential risks. Moreover, combining IPE with other omega-3 treatments often diluted its effectiveness, which emphasizes the uniqueness of EPA alone.
Ultimately, adding IPE to statin treatments appears to not only enhance patient outcomes but also offers a cost-effective strategy in managing heart disease, particularly in secondary prevention efforts. This reinforces the growing recognition of IPE as an essential component in tackling high cholesterol and CV risk.
8
Omega-3 fatty acids and heart attack
Adipose tissue n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratios versus n-3 fatty acids fractions as predictors of myocardial infarction.
We investigated how levels of omega-3 fatty acids in body fat relate to heart attack risk. Analyzing samples from 3,500 participants over 15 years, we found that both omega-3 fractions and their ratios to omega-6 fatty acids were linked to a lower chance of heart attacks. However, the ratios of omega-3 to omega-6 were better predictors of heart attack risks. This suggests that adjusting our diets to enhance these ratios could be beneficial for reducing heart attack risk in the population.
7
Omega-3 and statin heart benefits
Assessing the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids + Statins vs. Statins Only on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 40,991 Patients.
We examined the effects of adding omega-3 fatty acids to statin therapy for heart health by reviewing 14 randomized controlled trials with about 40,991 patients. Our analysis showed that this combination significantly reduced events like heart attacks, unstable angina, and cholesterol levels compared to statins alone.
However, we found no major differences in deadly strokes or coronary surgeries. This suggests that while omega-3 supplementation may offer some benefits, it doesn't dramatically impact all cardiovascular outcomes.
8
Omega-3 reduces heart attack risk
Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.
We explored the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on heart attack risk, focusing on African Americans. In a study analyzing data from the VITAL trial, we matched African American participants with non-Hispanic White individuals to simulate a randomized controlled trial.
Surprisingly, our findings indicated that omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased heart attack risk in African Americans but showed no benefit for non-Hispanic Whites. This highlights the importance of addressing racial differences in how individuals respond to omega-3 fish oil, urging further research in this area.
References
Aggarwal R, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE-IT Randomized Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2025;14:e038656. 10.1161/JAHA.124.038656
Sun S, Hara A, Johnstone L, Hallmark B, Watkins JC, et al. Optimal Pair Matching Combined with Machine Learning Predicts a Significant Reduction in Myocardial Infarction Risk in African Americans Following Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients. 2024;16. 10.3390/nu16172933
Ahmadi M, Askari VR, Shahri B, Mousavi Noghab SM, Jarahi L, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids effectively mitigate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) biomarker of inflammation in acute myocardial infarction patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025;398:881. 10.1007/s00210-024-03330-1
Burger PM, Bhatt DL, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, et al. Effects of icosapent ethyl according to baseline residual risk in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: results from REDUCE-IT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2024;10:488. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvae030
Bernhard B, Heydari B, Abdullah S, Francis SA, Lumish H, et al. Effect of six month's treatment with omega-3 acid ethyl esters on long-term outcomes after acute myocardial infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL randomized clinical trial. Int J Cardiol. 2024;399:131698. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131698
Irfan A, Haider SH, Nasir A, Larik MO, Naz T. Assessing the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids + Statins vs. Statins Only on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 40,991 Patients. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2024;49:102245. 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102245
Ogata S, Manson JE, Kang JH, Buring JE, Lee IM, et al. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Novel Analysis of the VITAL Trial Using Win Ratio and Hierarchical Composite Outcomes. Nutrients. 2023;15. 10.3390/nu15194235
Jin D, Trichia E, Islam N, Lewington S, Lacey B. Associations of circulating fatty acids with incident coronary heart disease: a prospective study of 89,242 individuals in UK Biobank. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23:365. 10.1186/s12872-023-03394-6
Lyytinen AT, Yesmean M, Manninen S, Lankinen M, Bhalke M, et al. Fatty fish consumption reduces lipophilic index in erythrocyte membranes and serum phospholipids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2023;33:1453. 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.011
Chiusolo S, Bork CS, Gentile F, Lundbye-Christensen S, Harris WS, et al. Adipose tissue n-3/n-6 fatty acids ratios versus n-3 fatty acids fractions as predictors of myocardial infarction. Am Heart J. 2023;262:38. 10.1016/j.ahj.2023.03.019
Kobara M, Shiraishi T, Noda K, Toba H, Nakata T. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Preserves Mitochondrial Quality and Attenuates Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Rats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2023;16:816. 10.1007/s12265-023-10363-z
Rodriguez D, Lavie CJ, Elagizi A, Milani RV. Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients. 2022;14. 10.3390/nu14235146
Bassuk SS, Manson JE. Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;119:1297. 10.1093/cvr/cvac172
Nishizaki Y, Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Study protocol and baseline characteristics of Randomized trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid: RESPECT-EPA, the combination of a randomized control trial and an observational biomarker study. Am Heart J. 2023;257:1. 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.11.008
Miller M, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Potential effects of icosapent ethyl on cardiovascular outcomes in cigarette smokers: REDUCE-IT smoking. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2023;9:129. 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac045
Yokoyama Y, Kuno T, Morita SX, Slipczuk L, Takagi H, et al. Eicosapentaenoic Acid for Cardiovascular Events Reduction- Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Cardiol. 2022;80:416. 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.07.008
Hamaya R, Cook NR, Sesso HD, Buring JE, Manson JE. A Bayesian Analysis of the VITAL Trial: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events. Am J Clin Nutr. 2025. 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.028
Yamada R, Uematsu M, Nakamura T, Kobayashi T, Horikoshi T, et al. Elevated eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio and rapid coronary blood flow restoration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2025. 10.1016/j.hjc.2025.01.003
Puccini SJ, Healy CL, Harsch BA, Ahmed AR, Shearer GC, et al. A Cell Autonomous Free fatty acid receptor 4 - ChemR23 Signaling Cascade Protects Cardiac Myocytes from Ischemic Injury. bioRxiv. 2025. 10.1101/2024.11.26.625260
Miyauchi K, Iwata H, Nishizaki Y, Inoue T, Hirayama A, et al. Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Secondary Prevention Efficacy of Combination Therapy-Statin and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (RESPECT-EPA). Circulation. 2024;150:425. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065520
Dinu M, Sofi F, Lotti S, Colombini B, Mattioli AV, et al. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on coronary revascularization and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31:1863. 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae184
Szarek M, Bhatt DL, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, et al. Lipoprotein(a) Blood Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Icosapent Ethyl. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1529. 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.016
Sabbour H, Bhatt DL, Elhenawi Y, Aljaberi A, Bennani L, et al. A Practical Approach to the Management of Residual Cardiovascular Risk: United Arab Emirates Expert Consensus Panel on the Evidence for Icosapent Ethyl and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2024. 10.1007/s10557-023-07519-z
Le VT, Knight S, Watrous JD, Najhawan M, Dao K, et al. Higher docosahexaenoic acid levels lower the protective impact of eicosapentaenoic acid on long-term major cardiovascular events. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1229130. 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1229130
Myhre PL, Berge T, Kalstad AA, Tveit SH, Laake K, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplements and risk of atrial fibrillation and 'micro-atrial fibrillation': A secondary analysis from the OMEMI trial. Clin Nutr. 2023;42:1657. 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.07.002
Borghi C, Bragagni A. Clinical results and mechanism of action of icosapent ethyl. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2023;25:B37. 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad088
Rabbat MG, Lakshmanan S, Benjamin MM, Doros G, Kinninger A, et al. Benefit of icosapent ethyl on coronary physiology assessed by computed tomography angiography fractional flow reserve: EVAPORATE-FFRCT. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24:866. 10.1093/ehjci/jead063